What is the Capital of Botswana?

Gaborone is the largest city and the capital of Botswana. The city serves as the administrative and economic hub of the nation, housing government buildings, and headquarters for numerous companies.

The map displays Botswana in light green, its capital Gaborone marked with a black dot, and surrounding countries in white.
Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana

Gaborone was planned and built as the capital city from the ground up, a unique feature compared to many other African cities and it was named after Chief Gaborone of the Tlokwa tribe.

Where is Gaborone?

Close-up of the capital of Botswana and its neighboring countries
Close-up of the capital of Botswana and its neighboring countries

Gaborone is located in the southeastern region of Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Geographically, the city is positioned near the border of Botswana with South Africa.

It is roughly 15 kilometers (approximately 9.3 miles) from the South African border. It is situated between the Kgale and Oodi Hills on the Notwane River in the country’s southeastern corner.

The geographic coordinates for Gaborone are approximately 24.6281° S latitude and 25.9231° E longitude. Gaborone’s placement makes it the economic and transportation hub for the country, with road and rail links leading into South Africa.

History of Gaborone

Gaborone became the capital of Botswana in 1965, a year before the country gained its independence from British rule in 1966. The city was founded to replace the former capital, Mafeking, which was located outside the borders of the newly independent state of South Africa.

Before Gaborone’s establishment, the area was a small rural settlement. The city is named after Chief Gaborone of the Tlokwa tribe, who led his people to this region during the late 1880s.

Gaborone’s development was initially slow, but the discovery of diamonds near Orapa in 1967 provided the economic boost needed for expansion. This led to a significant increase in the population and infrastructure development. By the late 20th century, Gaborone had transformed into a dynamic, modern city.

Entrance to the National Assembly building which houses the Parliament of Botswana
The entrance to the National Assembly building, which houses the Parliament of Botswana, was built when the construction of Gaborone began in 1964.

The city has seen some historical events. In 1985, it was attacked by South African forces during the apartheid era, targeting the African National Congress exiles living in the city. This event increased security and international diplomatic efforts to decrease regional tensions.

Despite these challenges, Gaborone has emerged as a symbol of stability and growth in the region. It continues to evolve and grow, with ongoing construction and development shaping the cityscape. The government’s investment in education, health, and infrastructure has contributed to Gaborone’s status as one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities and Africa’s 5th richest country.

Gaborone now boasts a unique blend of modern and traditional culture, which plays a crucial role in Botswana’s economy, politics, and culture. Its story is a testament to Botswana’s progression since independence and its aspirations for the future.

Features of Gaborone

Gaborone is a modern and vibrant city marked by a mix of traditional and contemporary architecture. Gaborone is a relatively young city compared to many other capitals worldwide.

Geography and Climate

Aerial view of a residential area in Gaborone
Aerial view of a residential area in Gaborone

Gaborone is located in southeastern Botswana, near the border with South Africa. The city is between the Kgale and Oodi Hills and along the Notwane River.

Gaborone has a semi-arid climate characterized by hot summers and mild winters. From October to April, summers often see high temperatures and occasional thunderstorms, while winters from May to September are usually sunny and dry with cooler temperatures. The hottest month is typically January, and the coldest is July.

Population

With approximately 310,000 residents, Gaborone stands as the most populous city in Botswana. The city is quite diverse, with a mix of ethnic groups, including the Tswana people, the largest group in Botswana, along with smaller numbers of Kalanga, Basarwa, and others. English and Setswana are the main languages spoken in Gaborone.

The city is known for its high literacy rate, and the University of Botswana, located in Gaborone, is one of the country’s most prestigious higher education institutions.

Economy

CBD Central Business District in Gaborone
The Central Business District in Gaborone hosts some of the tallest buildings in Botswana, such as the Itowers, which houses offices, a hotel, and residential apartments.

Gaborone is the economic hub of Botswana. It hosts many companies, banks, and the Botswana Stock Exchange headquarters. The city’s economy is diversified with key sectors, including services, trade, finance, manufacturing, and construction.

The diamond industry is a significant part of Gaborone’s economy. Botswana is one of the world’s leading diamond producers, and the capital city houses several diamond sorting and trading companies, including Debswana, a joint venture between the Botswana government and De Beers.

Another essential part of the city’s economy is the public sector, as Gaborone is the seat of government. Government services and administration are significant in the city’s employment and economic activity.

The tourism industry also contributes to the city’s economy. With its wildlife reserves and cultural attractions, Gaborone draws visitors domestically and internationally.

Finally, the retail sector is substantial in Gaborone, with numerous shopping malls and centers spread across the city, providing a wide range of goods and services.

Things to Do and Places to See in Gaborone

1. Mokolodi Nature Reserve

Mokolodi Nature Reserve established in 1994 by the Mokolodi Wildlife Foundation
Mokolodi Nature Reserve was established in 1994 by the Mokolodi Wildlife Foundation.

Mokolodi Nature Reserve is a private not-for-profit game reserve about 10 km south of Gaborone. It spans about 30 square kilometers and is home to various wildlife, including giraffes, zebras, hippos, and several species of antelope.

The reserve also houses a successful cheetah breeding program and offers unique experiences such as game drives, rhino tracking, and educational tours.

2. National Botanical Garden

National Botanical Garden of Botswana in Gaborone
National Botanical Garden of Botswana in Gaborone

The National Botanical Garden in Gaborone provides a peaceful, green escape within the city. It covers around 7 hectares, features various plant species native to Botswana, beautifully maintained landscapes, and is a popular spot for birdwatchers.

3. Three Chiefs Monument

The Three Chiefs Monument in Gaborone
The Three Dikgosi Monument was unveiled on September 29, 2005, a day before Botswana’s annual celebration of its independence.

The Three Dikgosi Monument, located in the Central Business District (CBD) of Gaborone, is a bronze sculpture depicting three tribal chiefs (dikgosi): Khama III of the Bangwato, Sebele I of the Bakwena, and Bathoen I of the Bangwaketse. These chiefs played significant roles in Botswana’s struggle for independence.

4. Lion Park Resort

The Lion Park Resort is a famous amusement park on Gaborone’s outskirts. It features a variety of attractions, including a Ferris wheel, water slides, and a lion enclosure. It’s a popular destination for families seeking outdoor entertainment.

5. Kgale Hill

View from Kgale Hill in Gaborone, Botswana
View from Kgale Hill in Gaborone, Botswana

Kgale Hill, also known as “The Sleeping Giant,” is a popular hiking spot on Gaborone’s outskirts. Standing at 1,287 meters (4,222 ft), it’s one of the tallest hills in the area, offering panoramic views of Gaborone and surrounding areas.

Kgale Hill is located to the west of Gaborone, the capital of Botswana. It’s a popular spot for jogging, walking, and picnicking.

6. Gaborone Game Reserve

Zebras in the Gaborone Game Reserve
The Gaborone Game Reserve was established in 1988 as a wildlife education center to provide conservation education to the local community.

The Gaborone Game Reserve is a small reserve located within the city boundaries of Gaborone. Despite its size, it offers diverse wildlife, including zebra, impala, wildebeest, ostriches, and various bird species. The reserve also has several walking trails and picnic spots, making it popular for residents and tourists alike, and it’s involved in several conservation initiatives to preserve local flora and fauna.

Frequently Asked Questions

What language is spoken in Gaborone?

English is the official language, and Setswana is the national language, both widely spoken in Gaborone.

Is Gaborone safe for tourists?

Gaborone is generally considered safe for tourists, although, like any city, it’s always recommended to take standard safety precautions.

What food is Gaborone known for?

Like the rest of Botswana, Gaborone is known for traditional dishes such as Seswaa (pounded meat), Bogobe (sorghum oatmeal), and various game types of meat.

Final Thoughts

Gaborone is an intriguing blend of modern architecture, rich history, and vibrant culture that often exceeds visitors’ expectations.

Gaborone’s unique position as a city close to a diverse wildlife offers a rare urban safari experience that few other cities can match. With warm and welcoming people, Gaborone is an excellent introduction to Setswana culture and traditions.

Image Sources and Copyright Information
  • Map Pinpointing Gaborone, Botswana: © evan_huang/Shutterstock
  • National Assembly Building in Gaborone, Botswana with Zebra Statue: © Lucian Coman/Shutterstock
  • Sundown Over Residential Area in Botswana: © Lucian Coman/Shutterstock
  • Aerial View of Gaborone Business District: © Lucian Coman/Shutterstock
  • Savanna Landscape at Mokolodi Nature Reserve: © Cretep/Wikimedia | Public Domain Mark 1.0
  • Aloe Plants in Botanical Garden: © S Molteno/Wikimedia | CC BY 4.0 International
  • Three Chiefs Monument in Gaborone: © speedshutter Photography/Shutterstock
  • Sunset View from Kgale Hill Overlooking Gaborone: © ModelHub/Shutterstock
  • Zebras Grazing in a Field: © Dereje/Shutterstock